The Innovation and Application of Nanoscience Thematic Program (IANTP) is aimed at increasing research impact of Taiwan’s National Nanotechnology Program by encouraging scholars to engage in translational research based on scientific discoveries. The Program supports research to proceed from a basic Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of “Concept Development” to a more advanced “Prototype Validation”. The supported projects should produce original nanomaterials, components/devices and technology. IANTP focuses on 4 areas, including “Biotechnology & Medicine”, “Energy & Environment”, “Electronics & Optoelectronics”, and “Characterization & Synthesis”, with particular emphasis that the research outcome will help Taiwan to cope with societal and environmental challenges as well as industrial development in the near future.